Physical properties of lubricants valvoline technical services page 1 following are the important properties of a lubricant. Sprouting healthy habits and its writers are not responsible if you decide to use this information in any way. High viscosity implies a high resistance to flow while a low viscosity indicates a low resistance to flow. Comparison between naphthenic and paraffinic base oils. Oil and grease additives lubricants are a combination of the base oil and the additives and the specific combination depends on the properties of both. Pdf properties of lubricants and lubrication hanif. In larger quantities, the lubricant oil external action affects the plastic matrix processing in the extrusion and injection processes, and the recycled material presents a burnt oil odor and free oil on the surface. The specific oil is chosen for its properties, such as high viscosity oil for hightemperature, slow speed equipment. Today, lubricating oil, or lube oil, is the most commonly used lubricant because of its wide range of possible applications. Synthetic lubricant an overview sciencedirect topics. Viscosity the viscosity of an oil is a measure of the oil s resistance to shear. Although eals have been in commercial production for years, they comprise a small portion of the total lubricant market and are still regarded as niche products habereder et al. Finally, it can be concluded that the adopted methodology is highly relevant in the field of prediction of lubricant oil properties.
All the abovementioned properties are obtained owing to the package of additives carefully incorporated in appropriate quantities. The first part of the book is theoretical and provides an introduction to tribological contact, friction, wear and lubrication, as well as the basic concepts regarding properties and the most commonly made. Pbf is one of the leading independent petroleum refiners and suppliers of unbranded transportation fuels, aviation jet fuel, heating oil, lubricant base oils, petrochemical feedstocks, sulphur, and asphalt. Molecular science of lubricant additives 2279 mdpi. Mnl59 astm international 100 barr harbor drive po box c700 west conshohocken, pa 194282959 printed in the u.
Analyze the contents of a quart of motor oil and you will discover that approximately 75%85% of its volume consists of base oil. Common ones include high oleic canola oil, castor oil, palm oil, sunflower seed oil and rapeseed oil from vegetable, and tall oil from tree sources. In many industrial applications the technological advancement is strongly linked to innovation in the field of lubricants. A study of enhancement of the properties of lubricant oil. Over 2500 lubricant grades are available from this page with base oils including polyalphaolefin pao, silicone, perfluoropolyether pfpe, white mineral oil wmo, and more. The information contained in this msds is, to the best of our knowledge, believed to be accurate. The remainder is a package of additives that confers properties essential to protecting the. What is disclosed are methods for making polymerin oil solutions, useful for improving the viscositytemperature relationship and lowtemperature properties of lubricating oils when added thereto. Many vegetable oils are often hydrolyzed to yield the acids which are subsequently combined selectively to form specialist. Lubricant properties whenever an object moves against another object, friction will be present, turning kinetic energy into heat and causing equipment to wear. Assessment and prediction of lubricant oil properties using. List of 18 different properties of lubricants lubricating oil.
Pdf synthesis and lubricant properties of vegetable oil. Combination of different additives and their quantities are determined by the lubricant type engine. First edition supplemented and revised edited by candidate of chemical sciences v. Changes with temperature, decreasing temperature increases viscosity. Viscosity of the lubricating oil determines its performance under operating. Additives in lubricating oils additives are substances formulated for improvement of the antifriction, chemical and physical properties of base oils mineral, synthetic, vegetable or animal, which results in enhancing the lubricant performance and extending the equipment life. For lubricant base oil use, the vegetable derived materials are preferred. It is measured at specific temperature by hydrometer or automatic density meter. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products. Lubricants and lubrication from the well to the applications. This msds was prepared in accordance with the requirements of the osha hazard communication standard 29 cfr 1910. Thickener the most common thickeners used for greases are soaps. Across the world, lubricant oil is primarily used for cooling automobile engine, marine engine and for industrial purposes. Therefore, the synthesis and application of estolides derived from plantbased waste oil materials and their application as lubricants and as processing oil for butyl rubber products have been.
Carrier oil, base oil, fixed oil properties solid under 76 degrees solid at room temp all information provided is for entertainment purposes only. Physical properties of lubricants valvolinecummins. Oil fundamentals mongching lin 2 the functions of a lubricantthe functions of a lubricant zreduce friction and wear zremove heat zprevent the formation of oxidation product zact as antirust and anticorrosion agent zact as a seal ztransport contaminants to the filter for removal zpower transmission. The lower dynamic viscosity of pome relative to groundnut oil can be attributed to the transesterification process which reduces the viscosity of vegetable oils. Lubrication properties technology transfer services. The light brown, transparent quality of motor oil when it is fresh offers a stark contrast to its dark black, opaque quality when it has been used and needs to be changed. Sep 07, 2016 castor oil has also been used for developing low pour point lubricant base stocks through the synthesis of acyloxy castor polyol esters. The importance of oil in the engine is just like blood in the body. Knowledge of the lubricant properties of the mixture is vital importance, i.
Viscosity and other properties when people think of oil, motor oil is one of the first things to come to mind. The soap can lend important properties to the grease, such as water resistance, chemical stability, and an improved viscosity index. Mineral oils are refined from naturally occurring petroleum, or crude oil. The hdpe properties with small processed lubricant oil amounts are comparable to the recycled polymer after decontamination by. However different formulations may result in two oils that have identical viscosities at 400c. A study of enhancement of the properties of lubricant oil ahmed n. Physical properties of lubricants request pdf researchgate. Pdf what is disclosed are methods for making polymerinoil solutions, useful for improving the viscositytemperature relationship and. During engine running, the lubricant properties should not change much when additives are gradually altered or consumed. The lowest temperature at which a sample of oil can be poured determines the pour point. Pdf properties of lubricants and lubrication hanif dewan. How lubricating oil is made material, history, used. Lubricant viscosity decreases dramatically with increasing temperature loglog x relationship viscosity index v.
Common properties of lubricants that affect vehicle fuel. Density density is fundamental physical property of oil. Blood flows through all the veins to vital organs to keep them healthy and alive, similar is the function of lubricating oil in the engine. Oct, 2015 a lubricant is a substance introduced to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which reduces the heat generated. Saponification number and the properties related to viscosity were not satisfactorily predicted with any of the tested methods. Viscosity is more commonly known as resistance to flow. Cooling oil cools down the components of the engine and prevents. Oils that operate over a wide temperature range need vi. The resulting family of base oils are blended to yield different types of lubricating and hydraulic oils that meet various physical and performancebased properties. The chemical composition of used mineralbased crankcase oil varies widely and depends on the original crude oil, the processes used during refining, the efficiency and type of engine the oil is lubricating, the gasoline combustion products, the additives added to the fuel and to the original oil. Products are sold throughout the northeast and midwest united states, as well as in other regions of the united states and canada.
Mar 12, 2018 this video covers the four main functions of lubricationlube oil and lubrication oil properties. The viscosity of an industrial oil is usually specified at. Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing industry. The aim of this study is to make enhancements on the lubricant oil properties because of its importance in the. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products 1 density, specific gravity, and api gravity density is defined as mass per unit volume of a fluid. Influence of lubricant oil residual fraction on recycled high. Material safety data sheet micro lub lubricant oil note. The reference book contains brief information about the purpose, fields of use and normative quality indices of the lubricants produced by the limited. Therefore, viscosity represents the properties of base oil. Introduction to properties and performance provides an easy to understand overview of tribology and lubricant chemistry. Turbine oils need good demulsibility while wheel bearing greases need emulsibility.
Density is a state function and for a pure compound depends on both temperature and pressure and is shown by liquid. The properties in the drop down boxes are important for the specification of lubricants, but are often unimportant for the structural materials that matweb tracks. In this paper we are discussing various lubricant properties of vegetable oil like, viscosity, viscosity index, oxidative stability, lubricity, biodegradability, toxicity, friction and wear. The two basic categories of lube oil are mineral and synthetic. Mohammed chemical and petrochemical engineering department, university of anbar, iraq. Used mineralbased crankcase oil is a complex mixture of low and high c. Grease properties are determined by a type of oil mineral, synthetic, vegetable, animal fat, type of soap lithium, sodium, calcium, etc. Using lubricants helps to reduce this friction, allowing more work to be done for the same amount of energy input, lowering the temperatures of the materials in contact, and greatly extending the lifespan of the moving equipment. Some exam ples of solid lubricants are graphite, molybdenum disulfide, mica, talc or soap, lead carbonate.
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